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| |}} |national_anthem = |official_languages = Malay |languages_type = Recognised |languages = English |languages_sub = yes |languages2_type = Other languages and local dialects 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Call to add ethnic languages as optional subject in schools )〕 |languages2 = |- class=none | colspan="2" | Official scripts|| style="vertical-align:middle;" | |religion = Sunni Islam | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = 2004〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook )〕 |demonym = Bruneian |capital = Bandar Seri Begawan |largest_city = Bandar Seri Begawan |latd=4 |latm=53.417 |lats= |latNS=N |longd=114 |longm=56.533 |longs= |longEW=E |government_type = |leader_title1 = Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan |leader_name1 = Hassanal Bolkiah |leader_title2 = Deputy Sultan |leader_name2 = Al-Muhtadee Billah |leader_title3 = Grand Mufti |leader_name3 = Abdul Aziz Juned |legislature = Legislative Council |sovereignty_type = Formation |established_event2 = Sultanate |established_date2 = c.1368 |established_event3 = Empire |established_date3 = 15th – 19th century |established_event4 = |established_date4 = 1888 |established_event5 = |established_date5 = 1 January 1984 |area_rank = 172nd |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_km2 = 5,765 |area_sq_mi = 2,226 |percent_water = 8.6 |population_estimate = 415,717 |population_estimate_rank = 175th |population_estimate_year = |population_density_km2 = 67.3 |population_density_sq_mi = 174.4 |population_density_rank = 134th |GDP_PPP = $21.907 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brunei )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = 2012 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $50,440〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |GDP_nominal_year = 2012 |GDP_nominal = $17.092 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $39,355〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.852 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 30th |currency = Brunei dollar |currency_code = BND |country_code = |time_zone = Brunei Darussalam Time |utc_offset = +8 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |drives_on = left |calling_code = +673 |cctld = .bn〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Delegation Record for .BN )〕 |footnote_a = Under Article 82: "Official language" of the Constitution of Brunei, Malay is the official language. |footnote_b = Under Article 82: "Official language" of the Constitution of Brunei, English is used in official documents (official documents are bilingual; Malay and English).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Constitution of Brunei Darussalam )〕 |footnote_c = Also 080 from East Malaysia. }} Brunei (, ), officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace〔Peter Haggett (ed). ''Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 1'', Marshall Cavendish, 2001, (p. 2913 ).〕 ((マレー語:Negara Brunei Darussalam), Jawi: ), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 408,786 in July 2012.〔 At the peak of the Bruneian Empire, Sultan Bolkiah (reigned 1485–1528) is alleged to have had control over most regions of Borneo, including modern-day Sarawak and Sabah, as well as the Sulu archipelago off the northeast tip of Borneo, Seludong (modern-day Manila), and the islands off the northwest tip of Borneo. The maritime state was visited by Spain's Magellan Expedition in 1521 and fought against Spain in 1578's Castille War. During the 19th century, the Bruneian Empire began to decline. The Sultanate ceded Sarawak (Kuching) to James Brooke and installed him as the White Rajah, and it ceded Sabah to the British North Borneo Chartered Company. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate and was assigned a British resident as colonial manager in 1906. After the Japanese occupation during World War II, in 1959 a new constitution was written. In 1962, a small armed rebellion against the monarchy was ended with the help of the British. Brunei gained its independence from the United Kingdom on 1 January 1984. Economic growth during the 1990s and 2000s, with the GDP increasing 56% from 1999 to 2008, transformed Brunei into an industrialised country. It has developed wealth from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields. Brunei has the second-highest Human Development Index among the Southeast Asia nations, after Singapore, and is classified as a "developed country".〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United Nations )〕 According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Brunei is ranked fifth in the world by gross domestic product per capita at purchasing power parity. The IMF estimated, in 2011, that Brunei was one of two countries (the other being Libya) with a public debt at 0% of the national GDP. ''Forbes'' also ranks Brunei as the fifth-richest nation out of 182, based on its petroleum and natural gas fields.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Forbes ranks Brunei fifth richest nation )〕 ==Etymology== According to legend, Brunei was founded by Awang Alak Betatar, later to be Sultan Muhammad Shah. He moved from Garang, a place in the Temburong District to the Brunei River estuary, discovering Brunei. According to legend, upon landing he exclaimed, ''Baru nah'' (loosely translated as "that's it!" or "there"), from which the name "Brunei" was derived. He was the first Muslim ruler of Brunei. Before the rise of the Bruneian Empire under the Muslim Bolkiah Dynasty, Brunei is believed to have been under Buddhist rulers. It was renamed "Barunai" in the 14th century, possibly influenced by the Sanskrit word "'" (), meaning either "ocean" or the mythological "regent of the ocean". The word "Borneo" is of the same origin. In the country's full name, ', ' ((アラビア語:دار السلام)) means "abode of peace", while ' means "country" in Malay. The earliest recorded documentation by the West about Brunei is by an Italian known as Ludovico di Varthema, who also said the "Bruneian people have fairer skin tone than the peoples he met in Maluku Islands". On his documentation back to 1550; We arrived at the island of Bornei'' (Brunei or Borneo), ''which is distant from the ''Maluch'' about two hundred miles, and we found that it was somewhat larger than the aforesaid and much lower. The people are pagans and are men of goodwill. Their colour is whiter than that of the other sort....in this island justice is well administered... Some historians have suggested that Bruneian Malay have been linked with the Chinese mainland due to its historical sources dependent on Chinese support. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brunei」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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